The Province of Nueva Vizcaya used to be a territory of the vast Cagayan Valley Region, which was once an integral political unit with one governor. In 1839 then Governor Luis Lardizabal issued an order creating Nueva Vizcaya into politico-military province upon the advice of the alcalde mayor of Cagayan. The order was approved by a royal Decree on April 10, 1841.
The present territory of Nueva Vizcaya was the result of changes emanating from the formal creation of the province of Isabela in May of 1856, wherein a great portion of its northern area was ceded to the newly- born province
The organization in 1908 of the province of Ifugao further reduced the area of Nueva Vizcaya, which was forced to give up its northwest territory. The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 further caused the diminution of its area and reduced again upon the enactment of the Administrative Code in 1917.
Even with these slices of land given away to the new emerging provinces, the province of Nueva Vizcaya still held a territory. But then again in 1971, with the passage of Republic Act No.6394, Quirino, which was then sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province.
As it is today, Nueva Vizcaya occupies a land area of approximately 3,903.90 square kilometers, which is about 10.72 percent of the regional land area and 1.30 percent of the total land area of the country.
The province of Nueva Vizcaya is located in the north-central part of Luzon in Region 02. The province of Ifugao and Isabela bound it on the north and northeast, on the east and southeast by Quirino and Aurora, respectively, on the south by Nueva Ecija and on the west by Benguet and Pangasinan. The province is actually bounded by three mountain ranges covered with forest and grasslands, namely the Sierra Madre on the east, the Cordillera on the west and the Caraballo on the south. The province is 287.0 kilometers north of Metro Manila.
Nueva Vizcaya has a domestic airport which caters to chartered flights at Barangay Lantap, Bagabag, 20 kilometers from Bayombong.